The History and Evolution of Wrist Watch
Today, a wristwatch is considered as much of a status symbol as a device to tell time. In an age when cell phones and digital pagers display tiny quartz clocks, the mechanical wristwatch has slowly become less of an object of function and more a piece of modern culture.
Walk into the boardroom of any Fortune 500 company and you’re likely to see dozens of prestigious wristwatches, including such names as Rolex, Vacheron Constantin, Frank Müller, Jaeger-LeCoultre and even Patek Phillipe. However, this was not always the case. Less than 100 years ago, no self-respecting gentleman would be caught dead wearing a wristwatch. In those days of yore, real men carried pocket watches, with a gold half-hunter being the preferred status symbol of the time—no pun intended.
Wristlets, as they were called, were reserved for women, and considered more of a passing fad than a serious timepiece. In fact, they were held in such disdain that many a gentlemen were actually quoted to say they “would sooner wear a skirt as wear a wristwatch”.
The established watchmaking community looked down on them as well. Because of their size, few believed wristlets could be made to achieve any level of accuracy, nor could they withstand the basic rigors of human activity. Therefore, very few companies produced them in quantity, with the vast majority of those being small ladies’ models, with delicate fixed wire or chain-link bracelets.
This all started to change in the nineteenth century, when soldiers discovered their usefulness during wartime situations. Pocket watches were clumsy to carry and thus difficult to operate while in combat. Therefore, soldiers fitted them into primitive “cupped” leather straps so they could be worn on the wrist, thereby freeing up their hands during battle. It is believed that Girard-Perregaux equipped the German Imperial Naval with similar pieces as early as the 1880s, which they wore on their wrists while synchronizing naval attacks, and firing artillery.
Decades later, several technological advents were credited with the British victory in the Anglo-Boer War (South Africa 1899-1902), including smokeless gunpowder, the magazine-fed rifle and even the automatic or machine gun. However, some would argue that it was a not-so-lethal device that helped turn the tide into Britain’s favor: the wristwatch.
While the British troops were superiorly trained and equipped, they were slightly outnumbered, and at a disadvantage while attacking the Boer’s heavily entrenched positions. Thanks to these recently designed weapons, a new age of war had emerged, which, now more than ever, required tactical precision. British officers achieved success by using these makeshift wristwatches to coordinate simultaneous troop movements, and synchronize flanking attacks against the Boer’s formations.
In fact, an “Unsolicited Testimonial” dated June 7, 1900, appeared in the 1901, Goldsmith’s Company Watch and Clock Catalog as follows:
“I wore it continually in South Africa on my wrist for 3 ½ months. It kept most excellent time, and never failed me.—Faithfully yours, Capt. North Staffs. Regt.”
This testimonial appeared below an advertisement for a military pocket watch listed as The Company’s “Service” Watch, and was further described as: “The most reliable timekeeper in the World for Gentlemen going on Active Service or for rough wear.”
In 1906, the evolution of wristlets took an even bigger step with the invention of the expandable flexible bracelet, as well as the introduction of wire loops (or lugs) soldered onto small, open-faced pocket watch cases, allowing leather straps to be more easily attached. This aided their adaptation for military use and thus marked a turning point in the development of wristwatches for men.
Another timely issue was the vulnerability of the glass crystal when worn during combat. This was addressed by utilizing “pierced metal covers”, frequently called shrapnel guards. These were basically metal grills (often made of silver), placed over the dial of the watch—thereby protecting the glass from damage while still allowing the time to be easily read.
A less common solution was the use of leather covers, snapped into place over the watch. While they did offer protection from damage, they were cumbersome to use, and thus were primarily seen in the extreme climates of Australia and Africa.
Even with their success in combat, the popularity of the wristwatch was still limited to ladies’ models. They didn’t reach the mainstream market until some two decades later, when soldiers from around the world converged on Europe to help defeat the German Empire in WWI (1914-1919). Due to the strategic lessons learned in the Boer War, the demand for reliable, accurate wristwatches was now at its peak.
While German troops at this time were largely issued the more primitive “pocket watch” designs, Allied troops had a wide range of new models to choose from. Many examples featured small silver pocket watch cases fitted with leather straps and displayed radium-illuminated porcelain dials protected by the aforementioned shrapnel guards.
Wristwatches were no longer considered a novelty but were now a wartime necessity, and companies were scrambling to keep up with the demand. One company that enjoyed success during this time was Wilsdorf & Davis, Ltd., founded in 1905, and later renamed The Rolex Watch Company, Ltd., in 1915.
Hans Wilsdorf, the founder and director of Rolex, was a strong proponent of wristwatches since the turn of the century. While others scoffed at them, Wilsdorf continued to experiment with their accuracy and reliability. Thus, some would argue that he did more for their advancement than anyone in history. In fact, he is even credited with sending the first wristwatches to the Neuchatel Observatory (Switzerland), for accuracy testing. They all passed the rigorous battery of tests, which encouraged Wilsdorf to push them even further.
Rolex subsequently received the very first wristwatch Chronometer awards from the School of Horology in Bienne (1910), and the Class “A” Certificate of Precision from the Kew Observatory in England (1914). To this day, Rolex watches consistently receive more Chronometer Certificates from the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres (COSC), than every other watch company in the world, combined.
After the Great War, many soldiers returned home with souvenir trench watches—so named for the trench warfare in which they were used. When these war heroes were seen wearing them, the public’s perception quickly changed, and wristwatches were no longer deemed as feminine. After all, no one would dare consider these brave men as being anything but.
In the final years of the war, wristwatches began to see numerous improvements. Case makers like Francis Baumgartner, Borgel and Dennison introduced revolutionary designs, which aided in making them more resistant to water and dust. These designs were later improved on when Rolex introduced the first truly waterproof wristwatch, the Oyster, in 1926.
Also around this time, new models were first introduced with fixed lugs (often called “horns”), which gave them a more finished appearance. And to aid in their durability, new metal dials superceded porcelain, which had been quite susceptible to cracking and chipping and the fragile glass crystals were replaced with a newly invented synthetic plastic.
Over the next decade, watch companies slowly added additional models to their catalogs, and finally, by the mid-1930s, they accounted for 65 percent of all watches exported by Switzerland. It was an uphill battle, but the wristwatch had finally arrived. They were now accurate, waterproof and, by 1931, perpetually self-winding, when Rolex introduced the Auto Rotor, a revolutionary design, which is used to this day by watch companies around the world.
The success of the wristwatch was born out of necessity, and Rolex continued this tradition by introducing a series of Professional, or “tool watches” in the early 1950s. These models, including the Submariner, Explorer, GMT-Master, Turn-O-Graph, and Milgauss were also designed out of necessity, as they included features and attributes that were essential for a specific task or profession.
Because of its rugged design, variations of the Submariner have subsequently been issued to numerous militaries, including the British Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy and British Royal Marines, as well as the U.S. Navy Seals. Over the years, dozens of companies like Omega, Benrus and Panerai have also supplied specialty watch models for military duty.
Thus, the role of the wristwatch seems to have come full circle. With the general public now leaning toward high-tech, digital gadgets, the classic mechanical wristwatch has once again found its home on the wrists of those brave soldiers who welcomed it some 100 years ago.
Ladies Watches:
It’s simple, elegant and makes you sparkle. Cute heart shaped dial.
Really Cute! Perfect for casual & party wear. Bid now this is very
affordable and fashionable. A real sweet offer that lets you look young,
modern, sweet and smart.
Women's Bracelet Watch:
You'll just love this cute and sweet watch from Betsey Johnson, adorned
with sparkling stones and classic conversation hearts. White stainless
steel expansion bracelet. Silvertone mixed metal round case with
crystal-accented bezel. Round white dial with logo, floating heart
charms and pink crystal accent indices. Quartz analog movement. Water
resistant to 30 meters. Limited lifetime warranty.
NBA Ladies Clip-On Sports Watch:
Description: Follow the latest fashion trend and show your NBA spirit
at the same time with the Game Time Grand Stand Series Clip-on Watch.
Perfectly designed to clip on to backpacks, belt loops, purses, or
anything with a strap, the Grand Stand Series has a sturdy large metal
clip and rotating buckle. The watch features a bold full-color face with
the officially licensed logo and colors in a brushed metal case with a
genuine glass crystal. Each Grand Stand Series watch includes the
incredible accuracy and reliability of Citizen Quartz movement, water
resistance to 3 ATM (99 ft), and a Game Time’s Limited Lifetime
Warranty.
Titan Fast Track Ladies Watch:
Walk the fashion tight rope with groovy colours and chunky styles. Kick
start cool with bold broad straps and trendy metal bracelets for you
girls and sports watches in leather & metal straps for the guys..
Digital tech and trendy shapes splash oomph onto your wardrobe and smear
danger on your look.
Watch Information:
Brand:Fossil
Model:ES2149
Series:Dress
Gender:Ladies
Dial Color:White Mother of Pearl
Band Material:Stainless Steel
Case Material:Stainless Steel
Movement Type:Quartz
Function:3-hand quartz analog movement
Case Width:35 mm
Clasp Type:Jewelry
Water Resistance:5o meters
Manhattan Deluxe gold crystal bangle watch from Croton has a Japanese quartz movement and Polished stainless steel case and back. Croton Manhattan Deluxe Women's Watch features asymmetrical diamond shaped gold-tone bezel encrusted with clear pave crystals which gave it a polished gold-tone bangle bracelet look, perfect for formal occasion. Entire bangle measures 9in long with hinge opening. Original price of this watch is $250.00 but at SmartBargains you can buy it for $69.99 only.
Tag Heuer:
Founded by Edouard Heuer in 1860, Tag Heuer watches are noted for their premium quality and finish. Heuer watches soon became a leading name in the watchmaking arena because of a high level of accuracy and craftmanship. Perfect for the timing of sporting events Heuer soon found its niche.
Vacheron Constantin:
Vacheron Constantin a name in itself in Swiss horology since 1755. Whether you like watches with intricate mechanisms or the retro fantastic ones, Vacheron Constantin has crafted something for every type of watch lover.
Girard Perregaux:One of the oldest watch companies that craft high-quality timepieces. Today Girard Perregaux designs some of the finest and most intricately designed timepieces in the world.
Roger Dubuis:
Founded in 1995 as Sogem SA, changed later to Roger Dubuis is a joint partnership between Roger Dubuis and Carlos Dias. The idea was to create watches based on tradition - but with an eye to the future.
Patek Philippe:
The Swiss Patek Philippe watch making company is noted as one of the most exclusive, top notch quality timepieces available in the market. Founded in 1939 as "Patek, Czapek & co", the company still remains the preferred watches of members of royalty, movie stars and tycoons.
Cartier:
Established in 1847 by Louis-Francois Cartier, Cartier is a giant in the jewelry and accessories market. Noted for jewelery, Cartier is also a favorite with the masses with its highly diverse line of wristwatches. The first Cartier wristwatch, The Santos, was introduced in the year 1904 followed by Jewelled watches in 1906.
Franck Muller:
In operation for a mere two decades, Franck Muller is already a name of repute in the luxury watch industry. Franck Muller timepieces are famed for their blend of modern style and traditional Swiss craftsmanship.
Jaeger LeCoultre:
Established in 1833, has been regarded since the 19th century as the "Grande Maison of the Vallee de Joux". With icon models like Reverso, Master Control, Master Compressor, Grande Reverso, AMVOX, IDEALE,Grande Complication, Joaillerier, Atmos and more, Jaeger-LeCoultre is a pioneer in the watch making industry
Omega:
The Omega story commenced in the year 1848, when Louis Brandt, hand assembled pocket watches from the parts that were designed in the local La Chaux-de-Fonds. After Louis Brandt passed away in 1879, his two sons Louis-Paul and Cesar, moved the company to Bienne in January 1880. The name OMEGA entered the market in 1894, as it was the name of one of the popular watch movement calibers started by Brandt brother's.
Today, a wristwatch is considered as much of a status symbol as a device to tell time. In an age when cell phones and digital pagers display tiny quartz clocks, the mechanical wristwatch has slowly become less of an object of function and more a piece of modern culture.
Walk into the boardroom of any Fortune 500 company and you’re likely to see dozens of prestigious wristwatches, including such names as Rolex, Vacheron Constantin, Frank Müller, Jaeger-LeCoultre and even Patek Phillipe. However, this was not always the case. Less than 100 years ago, no self-respecting gentleman would be caught dead wearing a wristwatch. In those days of yore, real men carried pocket watches, with a gold half-hunter being the preferred status symbol of the time—no pun intended.
Wristlets, as they were called, were reserved for women, and considered more of a passing fad than a serious timepiece. In fact, they were held in such disdain that many a gentlemen were actually quoted to say they “would sooner wear a skirt as wear a wristwatch”.
The established watchmaking community looked down on them as well. Because of their size, few believed wristlets could be made to achieve any level of accuracy, nor could they withstand the basic rigors of human activity. Therefore, very few companies produced them in quantity, with the vast majority of those being small ladies’ models, with delicate fixed wire or chain-link bracelets.
This all started to change in the nineteenth century, when soldiers discovered their usefulness during wartime situations. Pocket watches were clumsy to carry and thus difficult to operate while in combat. Therefore, soldiers fitted them into primitive “cupped” leather straps so they could be worn on the wrist, thereby freeing up their hands during battle. It is believed that Girard-Perregaux equipped the German Imperial Naval with similar pieces as early as the 1880s, which they wore on their wrists while synchronizing naval attacks, and firing artillery.
Decades later, several technological advents were credited with the British victory in the Anglo-Boer War (South Africa 1899-1902), including smokeless gunpowder, the magazine-fed rifle and even the automatic or machine gun. However, some would argue that it was a not-so-lethal device that helped turn the tide into Britain’s favor: the wristwatch.
While the British troops were superiorly trained and equipped, they were slightly outnumbered, and at a disadvantage while attacking the Boer’s heavily entrenched positions. Thanks to these recently designed weapons, a new age of war had emerged, which, now more than ever, required tactical precision. British officers achieved success by using these makeshift wristwatches to coordinate simultaneous troop movements, and synchronize flanking attacks against the Boer’s formations.
In fact, an “Unsolicited Testimonial” dated June 7, 1900, appeared in the 1901, Goldsmith’s Company Watch and Clock Catalog as follows:
“I wore it continually in South Africa on my wrist for 3 ½ months. It kept most excellent time, and never failed me.—Faithfully yours, Capt. North Staffs. Regt.”
This testimonial appeared below an advertisement for a military pocket watch listed as The Company’s “Service” Watch, and was further described as: “The most reliable timekeeper in the World for Gentlemen going on Active Service or for rough wear.”
In 1906, the evolution of wristlets took an even bigger step with the invention of the expandable flexible bracelet, as well as the introduction of wire loops (or lugs) soldered onto small, open-faced pocket watch cases, allowing leather straps to be more easily attached. This aided their adaptation for military use and thus marked a turning point in the development of wristwatches for men.
Another timely issue was the vulnerability of the glass crystal when worn during combat. This was addressed by utilizing “pierced metal covers”, frequently called shrapnel guards. These were basically metal grills (often made of silver), placed over the dial of the watch—thereby protecting the glass from damage while still allowing the time to be easily read.
A less common solution was the use of leather covers, snapped into place over the watch. While they did offer protection from damage, they were cumbersome to use, and thus were primarily seen in the extreme climates of Australia and Africa.
Even with their success in combat, the popularity of the wristwatch was still limited to ladies’ models. They didn’t reach the mainstream market until some two decades later, when soldiers from around the world converged on Europe to help defeat the German Empire in WWI (1914-1919). Due to the strategic lessons learned in the Boer War, the demand for reliable, accurate wristwatches was now at its peak.
While German troops at this time were largely issued the more primitive “pocket watch” designs, Allied troops had a wide range of new models to choose from. Many examples featured small silver pocket watch cases fitted with leather straps and displayed radium-illuminated porcelain dials protected by the aforementioned shrapnel guards.
Wristwatches were no longer considered a novelty but were now a wartime necessity, and companies were scrambling to keep up with the demand. One company that enjoyed success during this time was Wilsdorf & Davis, Ltd., founded in 1905, and later renamed The Rolex Watch Company, Ltd., in 1915.
Hans Wilsdorf, the founder and director of Rolex, was a strong proponent of wristwatches since the turn of the century. While others scoffed at them, Wilsdorf continued to experiment with their accuracy and reliability. Thus, some would argue that he did more for their advancement than anyone in history. In fact, he is even credited with sending the first wristwatches to the Neuchatel Observatory (Switzerland), for accuracy testing. They all passed the rigorous battery of tests, which encouraged Wilsdorf to push them even further.
Rolex subsequently received the very first wristwatch Chronometer awards from the School of Horology in Bienne (1910), and the Class “A” Certificate of Precision from the Kew Observatory in England (1914). To this day, Rolex watches consistently receive more Chronometer Certificates from the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres (COSC), than every other watch company in the world, combined.
After the Great War, many soldiers returned home with souvenir trench watches—so named for the trench warfare in which they were used. When these war heroes were seen wearing them, the public’s perception quickly changed, and wristwatches were no longer deemed as feminine. After all, no one would dare consider these brave men as being anything but.
In the final years of the war, wristwatches began to see numerous improvements. Case makers like Francis Baumgartner, Borgel and Dennison introduced revolutionary designs, which aided in making them more resistant to water and dust. These designs were later improved on when Rolex introduced the first truly waterproof wristwatch, the Oyster, in 1926.
Also around this time, new models were first introduced with fixed lugs (often called “horns”), which gave them a more finished appearance. And to aid in their durability, new metal dials superceded porcelain, which had been quite susceptible to cracking and chipping and the fragile glass crystals were replaced with a newly invented synthetic plastic.
Over the next decade, watch companies slowly added additional models to their catalogs, and finally, by the mid-1930s, they accounted for 65 percent of all watches exported by Switzerland. It was an uphill battle, but the wristwatch had finally arrived. They were now accurate, waterproof and, by 1931, perpetually self-winding, when Rolex introduced the Auto Rotor, a revolutionary design, which is used to this day by watch companies around the world.
The success of the wristwatch was born out of necessity, and Rolex continued this tradition by introducing a series of Professional, or “tool watches” in the early 1950s. These models, including the Submariner, Explorer, GMT-Master, Turn-O-Graph, and Milgauss were also designed out of necessity, as they included features and attributes that were essential for a specific task or profession.
Because of its rugged design, variations of the Submariner have subsequently been issued to numerous militaries, including the British Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy and British Royal Marines, as well as the U.S. Navy Seals. Over the years, dozens of companies like Omega, Benrus and Panerai have also supplied specialty watch models for military duty.
Thus, the role of the wristwatch seems to have come full circle. With the general public now leaning toward high-tech, digital gadgets, the classic mechanical wristwatch has once again found its home on the wrists of those brave soldiers who welcomed it some 100 years ago.
Ladies Watches:
Lovers -Sweet Tooth Watch, Red:
It’s simple, elegant and makes you sparkle. Cute heart shaped dial.
Really Cute! Perfect for casual & party wear. Bid now this is very
affordable and fashionable. A real sweet offer that lets you look young,
modern, sweet and smart.Women's Bracelet Watch:
You'll just love this cute and sweet watch from Betsey Johnson, adorned
with sparkling stones and classic conversation hearts. White stainless
steel expansion bracelet. Silvertone mixed metal round case with
crystal-accented bezel. Round white dial with logo, floating heart
charms and pink crystal accent indices. Quartz analog movement. Water
resistant to 30 meters. Limited lifetime warranty.
Description: Follow the latest fashion trend and show your NBA spirit
at the same time with the Game Time Grand Stand Series Clip-on Watch.
Perfectly designed to clip on to backpacks, belt loops, purses, or
anything with a strap, the Grand Stand Series has a sturdy large metal
clip and rotating buckle. The watch features a bold full-color face with
the officially licensed logo and colors in a brushed metal case with a
genuine glass crystal. Each Grand Stand Series watch includes the
incredible accuracy and reliability of Citizen Quartz movement, water
resistance to 3 ATM (99 ft), and a Game Time’s Limited Lifetime
Warranty.Titan Fast Track Ladies Watch:
Watch Information:
Brand:Fossil
Model:ES2149
Series:Dress
Gender:Ladies
Dial Color:White Mother of Pearl
Band Material:Stainless Steel
Case Material:Stainless Steel
Movement Type:Quartz
Function:3-hand quartz analog movement
Case Width:35 mm
Clasp Type:Jewelry
Water Resistance:5o meters
Victorinox Swiss Army Watch, Women's Chronograph Pink Leather Strap 241419
A
pretty pink watch made with Swiss ingenuity. Pink smooth leather strap
and round stainless steel case with anti-reflective crystal. Chronograph
pink mother-of-pearl dial with silvertone numerals, logo, date window
and three subdials. Swiss made. Swiss movement. Water resistant to 100
meters. Three-year limited warranty.
Croton Manhattan Deluxe Womens Crystal Cuff Watch
Manhattan Deluxe gold crystal bangle watch from Croton has a Japanese quartz movement and Polished stainless steel case and back. Croton Manhattan Deluxe Women's Watch features asymmetrical diamond shaped gold-tone bezel encrusted with clear pave crystals which gave it a polished gold-tone bangle bracelet look, perfect for formal occasion. Entire bangle measures 9in long with hinge opening. Original price of this watch is $250.00 but at SmartBargains you can buy it for $69.99 only.
Lady Gender Symbol Print White Dial Faux Leather Band Watch
Exquisite
appearance with white perforated band, letters print round dial, faux
leather band is adjustable for comfortable wear, Quartz movement This
Watch with precise time, perfectly fit for Ladies.
Top Ten Expensive Watches Companies:
Rolex:
Rolex is a renowned name in luxury watches.
Whether you are planning to go for scuba diving, swimming,or black-tie
events, be an eye catcher with Rolex watches. Ranging from a few
thousand to more than two hundred thousand U.S. Dollars, Rolex watches
have become popular status symbols.
Founded by Edouard Heuer in 1860, Tag Heuer watches are noted for their premium quality and finish. Heuer watches soon became a leading name in the watchmaking arena because of a high level of accuracy and craftmanship. Perfect for the timing of sporting events Heuer soon found its niche.
Vacheron Constantin:
Vacheron Constantin a name in itself in Swiss horology since 1755. Whether you like watches with intricate mechanisms or the retro fantastic ones, Vacheron Constantin has crafted something for every type of watch lover.
Girard Perregaux:One of the oldest watch companies that craft high-quality timepieces. Today Girard Perregaux designs some of the finest and most intricately designed timepieces in the world.
Roger Dubuis:
Founded in 1995 as Sogem SA, changed later to Roger Dubuis is a joint partnership between Roger Dubuis and Carlos Dias. The idea was to create watches based on tradition - but with an eye to the future.
Patek Philippe:
The Swiss Patek Philippe watch making company is noted as one of the most exclusive, top notch quality timepieces available in the market. Founded in 1939 as "Patek, Czapek & co", the company still remains the preferred watches of members of royalty, movie stars and tycoons.
Cartier:
Established in 1847 by Louis-Francois Cartier, Cartier is a giant in the jewelry and accessories market. Noted for jewelery, Cartier is also a favorite with the masses with its highly diverse line of wristwatches. The first Cartier wristwatch, The Santos, was introduced in the year 1904 followed by Jewelled watches in 1906.
Franck Muller:
In operation for a mere two decades, Franck Muller is already a name of repute in the luxury watch industry. Franck Muller timepieces are famed for their blend of modern style and traditional Swiss craftsmanship.
Jaeger LeCoultre:
Established in 1833, has been regarded since the 19th century as the "Grande Maison of the Vallee de Joux". With icon models like Reverso, Master Control, Master Compressor, Grande Reverso, AMVOX, IDEALE,Grande Complication, Joaillerier, Atmos and more, Jaeger-LeCoultre is a pioneer in the watch making industry
Omega:
The Omega story commenced in the year 1848, when Louis Brandt, hand assembled pocket watches from the parts that were designed in the local La Chaux-de-Fonds. After Louis Brandt passed away in 1879, his two sons Louis-Paul and Cesar, moved the company to Bienne in January 1880. The name OMEGA entered the market in 1894, as it was the name of one of the popular watch movement calibers started by Brandt brother's.
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